The optimal use of alternative fuels and raw materials (AFR), derived from waste in the cement kiln needs specific environmental, technical and operational perquisites. Often a preparation pro-cess (pre-processing) is needed and the AFR must be fed to the kiln via appropriate feed points and in adequate proportions. An AFR quality and cement kiln emission control systems must be implemented. This Module deals with the aspects for an environmental sound pre- and co-processing.